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Pelegrina

Wayne Maddison
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Vegetation-dwelling dendryphantines of fairly small size, widespread throughout North America including the arctic, typically having brown males with white stripes and mottled brown or gray or yellow females.
taxon links [up-->]Pelegrina insignis [up-->]Pelegrina tristis [up-->]Pelegrina yucatecana [up-->]Pelegrina clavator [up-->]Pelegrina montana [up-->]Pelegrina sandaracina [up-->]Pelegrina arizonensis [up-->]Pelegrina exigua [up-->]Pelegrina tillandsiae [up-->]Pelegrina variegata [up-->]Pelegrina sabinema [up-->]Pelegrina chalceola [up-->]Pelegrina galathea [up-->]Pelegrina clemata [up-->]Pelegrina kastoni [up-->]Pelegrina balia [up-->]Pelegrina huachuca [up-->]Pelegrina dithalea [up-->]Pelegrina furcata [up-->]Pelegrina pervaga [up-->]Pelegrina aeneola [up-->]Pelegrina bicuspidata [up-->]Pelegrina proxima [up-->]Pelegrina orestes [up-->]Pelegrina flaviceps [up-->]Pelegrina neoleonis [up-->]Pelegrina volcana [up-->]Pelegrina proterva [up-->]Pelegrina chaimona [up-->]Pelegrina pallidata [up-->]Pelegrina helenae [up-->]Pelegrina flavipedes [up-->]Pelegrina verecunda [up-->]Pelegrina peckhamorum [up-->]Pelegrina morelos [up-->]Pelegrina bunites [up-->]Pelegrina ochracea [up-->]Pelegrina edrilana [down<--]Dendryphantinae Interpreting the tree
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Provisional arrangement of Maddison (1996)
Containing group: Dendryphantinae

Introduction

Among the commonnest jumping spiders of North America are the medium sized vegetation dwellers of the genus Pelegrina. The males are typically brown and white striped; the females mottled or spotted of grays and browns. The sides of the face of males ("cheeks") often have an extra white stripe, the embolus is broader at the tip than in many other dendryphantines, and the epigynum has robust flaps covering the openings. Most of these species until recently were placed in the genus Metaphidippus.

If you want to see a graphical overview of diversity of Pelegrina, the gallery has pages with compiled illustrations of male faces, male palpi, female abdomens, and female epigyna

Much of the Pelegrina section of the Tree of Life is based on the revision by Maddison (1996). That revision contains many more illustrations, keys and full descriptions.

Characteristics

Males typically brown with longitudinal bands of white scales on either side of the carapace and abdomen. The inverted white V-shaped marking on the forehead that contacts the anterior median eyes distinguishes Pelegrina from most other dendryphantines, though it is not present in all Pelegrina. Legs often with annulate markings. The relatively wide embolus with the tip expanded retrolateral to its opening and bearing two rami is generally a good diagnostic feature for the genus, but it is absent in a number of species. Tibial apophysis stout; just ventral to apophysis is usually a ridge, developed into a second apophysis in some species (furcata group), or a wide flange in other species (arizonensis group). Females gray, yellow or brown with mottled markings of four prominent pairs of pale spots on the abdominal dorsum. Epigynal openings relatively long. Among small dendryphantines, the species of Pelegrina have perhaps the best developed epigynal flaps, which are the teardrop-shaped lateral rims of the openings. The flaps are usually convex and overlap the medial rim of opening. All species of Pelegrina examined have the same chromosome complement, 2n(male) = 26 + XXO, as is prevalent throughout the family.

The following characters support the monophyly of the genus, though none provides a simple, strict delimitation (Maddison, 1996). Some of the characters delimit a group slightly smaller than the genus, others a group slightly larger. Thus, each character provides only indirect and partial evidence for monophyly.

  1. Embolus with two terminal rami retrolateral to opening. The sperm duct opening lies on the prolateral side of the embolus, often below the tip. Retrolateral to the opening are two rami, one just distal to the opening; the other often elongate and forming the retrolateral tip of the embolus.
  2. Hematodocha of embolus bulges as far distally as the base of the erect portion of the embolus.
  3. Epigynal flaps well developed, long and wide, and not descending into the opening posteriorly.
  4. Wrinkles present on anterior margin of male cheliceral fang.
  5. Distinct cheek bands on the male face.
  6. An inverted V-shaped mark of pale scales on the forehead, contacting the AME.
  7. Male courtship with prolonged "crouch" display.
  8. Ridge under tibial apophysis.

References

Maddison, W.P. 1996. Pelegrina Franganillo and other jumping spiders formerly placed in the genus Metaphidippus (Araneae: Salticidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. l54(4): 215-368.

Title Illustrations
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Pelegrina dithalea Maddison

Copyright © 1994-1995 Wayne Maddison
About This Page
Included on this page is text from Maddison, W.P. 1996. Pelegrina Franganillo and other jumping spiders formerly placed in the genus Metaphidippus (Araneae: Salticidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. l54(4): 215-368. This text is copyright © 1996 The President and Fellows of Harvard College

Wayne Maddison
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Correspondence regarding this page should be directed to Wayne Maddison at

All Rights Reserved.

Citing this page:

Maddison, Wayne. 1995. Pelegrina. Version 01 January 1995 (under construction). http://tolweb.org/Pelegrina/2902/1995.01.01 in The Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/

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Pelegrina

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